Here is a rewritten version of the article, maintaining the original meaning while adding more descriptive details and nuances:
---
The Last Emperor's Cousin, One of the Four Gentlemen of the Republic
The cousin of Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and one of the prominent four young masters of the Republic of China, he was the great-grandson of Yongxi, the 11th son of Emperor Qianlong. Due to his position as the fifth eldest in the family, he was often affectionately referred to by outsiders as \"Dong Wuye.\" He also went by the nickname \"Hongdou Guan Zhu,\" known for his mastery in both poetry and music. A connoisseur of classical literature and art, he was widely respected for his knowledge in these areas. As one of the most talented figures in the history of Chinese opera, his contribution was invaluable.
After the outbreak of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Japanese forces captured Nanjing, and at the age of 60, Puyi's cousin was already frail, suffering from various ailments. As a result, he did not travel to Chongqing but chose instead to remain in Shanghai, where he struggled to make a living by selling calligraphy and paintings. Eventually, he caught the attention of Wang Jingwei, who coerced him into accepting several honorary posts. After the victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Puyi’s cousin was included on the list of \"collaborators\" due to his association with the Wang Jingwei regime. However, his previous contributions to Chinese culture led to his eventual release from custody.
Though he regained his freedom, he was in poor health, paralyzed, and without any children. He had no choice but to survive on the charity of friends and by selling his artwork. He passed away in Shanghai in 1952 at the age of 76.
---
The Eldest Son of Zhang Zuolin, Leader of the Fengtian Clique
The eldest son of Zhang Zuolin, the warlord of the Fengtian clique, he was born in Anshan, Liaoning, and was known as one of the four most handsome men of the Republic of China. After the assassination of his father in the infamous Huanggutun Incident, he succeeded as the Commander of the Northeast Army. During this period, he steadfastly rejected Japanese offers and insisted on preserving China's sovereignty in the northeast, famously choosing the path of \"Northeast's reinstatement\" rather than submitting to Japanese control.
In the wake of the September 18 Incident, Zhang Xueliang ordered the withdrawal of the Northeast Army. This decision earned him the label of the \"Non-Resistance General\" from his critics. Despite this, he later became a staunch advocate for resisting Japanese aggression and opposing civil war. In 1936, Zhang Xueliang, together with Yang Hucheng, orchestrated the Xi'an Incident, which resulted in the formation of the Second United Front between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. However, for his role in the incident, he was detained by Chiang Kai-shek for most of his life. Zhang Xueliang passed away at the age of 101 in Honolulu in 2001.
---
The Son of Yuan Shikai’s Third Concubine
Born in Xiangcheng, Henan, and raised in Seoul, Korea, he was widely regarded as the head of the Qinggang, a prominent gang based in Tianjin. His mother was Jin, the third concubine of Yuan Shikai, and his father was Yuan Shikai’s second son. From an early age, he displayed exceptional talent, excelling in calligraphy and painting, while also cultivating a deep passion for collecting rare antiques and artworks. Despite his brilliance, he led a life of indulgence, surrounding himself with wives and concubines and engaging in all forms of excess, from gambling to drinking.
In his opposition to Yuan Shikai's ambitions to declare himself emperor, he angered his father and was subsequently forced to flee to Shanghai, where he joined the Qinggang. There, he recruited numerous followers, establishing himself as a prominent figure in both Shanghai and Tianjin. His influence was comparable to that of the legendary Golden Rong and Du Yuesheng in the south. However, in 1931, he passed away in Tianjin at the age of 42.
---
A Graduate of Columbia University and the Son of Zhang Jian
Graduating from Columbia University's School of Business, he returned to China to assist his father, Zhang Jian, a renowned scholar and a key figure in the development of modern Chinese industry. Growing up with access to a world-class education, he harbored lofty ideals. However, the chaos of the times made it impossible for an idealistic scholar to achieve his dreams. Instead, he turned his focus toward the family business, continuing the work of his father.
Sadly, Zhang Xiaoruo, at only 37 years of age, was assassinated under mysterious circumstances. The details surrounding his death remain shrouded in mystery, with many speculating that Du Yuesheng, a notorious figure from the Qinggang, may have been involved in orchestrating the assassination.
---
Sun Yat-sen’s Eldest Son, Sun Ke
Sun Yat-sen's eldest son, Sun Ke, was born to his first wife, Lu Muzhen. Guided by his father's revolutionary ideals, Sun Ke entered into the struggle for China's independence from a young age and held several important positions within the movement. He developed a lifelong love of learning and was dedicated to studying, believing that one should \"nurture a sense of righteousness and read useful books.\" Even in his later years, when he had relocated to the United States, he continued to pursue knowledge relentlessly. Sun Ke passed away in Taipei in 1973 at the age of 82.
---
The Son of Duan Qirui, a Leader of the Beiyang Government
The son of Duan Qirui, a warlord of the Beiyang government, he had a notorious addiction to opium. In the 1920s, he served as the General Manager of the Zhengfeng Coal Mine in Jiexing, Shanxi. Despite his vices, he harbored some sense of patriotism, which became evident when the Japanese attempted to sway him with generous offers. However, he resolutely refused their advances, and after that, his fate remained unclear.
---
The Son of Lu Yongxiang, a General of the Anhui Clique
The son of Lu Yongxiang, an influential military figure from the Anhui clique, he became notorious for his actions in Shanghai, including physically assaulting and imprisoning Golden Rong, forcing Du Yuesheng to kneel, and even taking Zhang Xueliang's woman. A powerful man on the Shanghai scene, his life was filled with drama and intrigue. However, fearing retribution from Golden Rong, Lu Xiaojia fled to Taiwan in 1946, where he spent the rest of his life in the import-export business. He passed away in the late 1960s.
---
The Son of Zhang Zhenfang, the Governor of Zhili Province
Zhang Zhenfang, a famed scholar and politician, was a figure dedicated to the preservation and promotion of traditional Chinese culture. His son, who was recognized as a prodigy at a young age, could write poetry at the age of nine and was hailed as a child prodigy. Zhang Zhenfang spent his life devoted to researching and promoting Chinese traditional culture, and he was once known as the \"Number One Collector of the World.\" During the early years of the People's Republic, Zhang Boju donated several valuable cultural relics to the state. He passed away in Beijing in 1982 at the age of 84.
---
This rewritten version retains the original meaning but adds a more detailed and descriptive layer to the stories of these historical figures.
